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Momentus Inc.
(NASDAQ:MNTS) 

MNTS stock logo

Momentus Inc. provides water-powered transportation services for spacecraft. It engages in providing a shuttle service for satellites. Its shuttles, powered by water plasma engines, then transport these satellites to their target orbits. The company was incorporated in 2017 and is based in Santa Cla...

Founded: 2017
CEO: John C. Rood  
Sector: Industrials
Industry: Aerospace & Defense

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At a glance:
  • Early-Stage Space Infrastructure Company with Execution Risk: Momentus is developing in-space transportation and logistics services; as an early-stage player, timelines, technical milestones, and customer conversion are key swing factors.
  • Revenue Base Likely Limited While Business Model Scales: Near-term results may be driven by a small number of missions or service contracts, creating lumpy revenue and making growth dependent on expanding flight cadence and backlog.
  • Cash Burn and Funding Needs Remain Central to the Equity Story: As a development-stage company, ongoing operating losses and negative free cash flow can necessitate additional financing, raising dilution and liquidity considerations.
  • Regulatory, Compliance, and Geopolitical Sensitivities: Space and defense-adjacent operations can face licensing, export control, and compliance requirements that may affect partnerships, costs, and the pace of commercialization.
  • Competitive Market with Differentiation Dependent on Reliability and Cost: Momentus competes in an evolving in-space services market; demonstrating reliable performance, repeatable operations, and compelling unit economics is crucial to winning customers.
Bull Thesis:
  • Successful Mission Execution & Technology Validation: Momentus has successfully deployed and operated its Vigoride orbital transfer vehicles (OTVs) on multiple missions, demonstrating the viability of its core technology and ability to deliver customer payloads. This de-risks the fundamental technical capabilities of the company and builds confidence in its service offering.
  • Growing Demand for In-Space Logistics: The proliferation of LEO satellite constellations, the increasing complexity of space missions, and the need for flexible last-mile delivery are driving a significant and expanding demand for in-space transportation and satellite servicing. Momentus is well-positioned to capitalize on this secular growth trend in the space economy.
  • Strategic Partnerships & Customer Pipeline: Momentus has secured contracts and partnerships with various satellite operators, government agencies (like NASA), and launch providers (e.g., SpaceX), indicating market acceptance and a growing customer base for its Vigoride services. These relationships provide a foundation for future revenue and market expansion.
Bear Thesis:
  • High Cash Burn & Dilution Risk: Momentus is still in its early commercialization phase, incurring substantial operating expenses and burning significant cash. This necessitates frequent capital raises, leading to ongoing shareholder dilution and uncertainty about long-term financial stability without a clear and rapid path to profitability.
  • Intense Competition in a Nascent Market: The in-space transportation and logistics market is attracting numerous competitors, including well-funded startups and established aerospace companies. Momentus faces significant challenges in differentiating its services and securing market share against rivals with potentially deeper pockets, more established track records, or alternative technologies.
  • Limited Revenue & Unclear Path to Profitability: Despite successful missions, Momentus's revenue generation remains low relative to its high operating costs. The company's business model relies on scaling missions, but the high cost per mission and the nascent nature of the market make the path to sustainable, significant revenue and eventual profitability long and uncertain.
  • Operational Risks & Scalability Challenges: Space operations inherently involve high risks, including launch delays, technical failures, and the complexities of managing multiple missions simultaneously. Scaling the Vigoride service to a regular, high-cadence operation while maintaining reliability and cost-efficiency presents significant operational and engineering challenges that could impact growth.
Main Competitors:
  • D-Orbit S.p.A. (ION Satellite Carrier), Directly competes with Momentus's Vigoride OTV by offering in-orbit transportation, precise satellite deployment, and hosted payload services using its ION Satellite Carrier. They target the same small satellite market needing last-mile delivery and orbital maneuvering.
  • Spaceflight Inc. (Sherpa OTVs (Sherpa-FX, Sherpa-LTC)), A key competitor in the in-space transportation market, Spaceflight provides launch integration and operates its Sherpa series of orbital transfer vehicles, directly competing with Vigoride for satellite deployment, orbit raising, and precise orbital insertion services.
  • Exolaunch GmbH (Exolaunch Reliant OTV), Primarily known for launch services integration, Exolaunch has expanded into in-space transportation with its Reliant OTV, directly competing with Momentus for customers requiring last-mile delivery and orbital maneuvering for small satellites.
  • Rocket Lab USA, Inc. ($RKLB) (Photon satellite bus / Electron launch vehicle), While primarily a launch provider, Rocket Lab's Photon satellite bus can perform OTV-like functions, offering integrated solutions for customers that include launch, orbit raising, and precise deployment, potentially negating the need for a separate OTV service like Momentus's.
Moat:
Momentus Inc. operates in the rapidly evolving and increasingly competitive in-space transportation and logistics market. Its primary moat lies in its unique microwave electrothermal (MET) propulsion technology, which offers potential advantages in efficiency and mission flexibility for certain orbital maneuvers. However, the market is crowded with both established players and new entrants offering chemical, electric, or hybrid propulsion OTVs. Competitors also include launch providers offering more precise direct injection or integrated satellite bus solutions that can perform similar functions. Momentus's ability to secure market share will depend on demonstrating reliable, cost-effective, and timely service delivery, overcoming past operational challenges, and effectively differentiating its MET propulsion technology in a price-sensitive market.
Income Statements:
Quarterly
Annual
    Unit: USD2026-03-31 2025-12-31 2025-09-30 2025-06-30 2025-03-31 2024-12-31 2024-09-30 2024-06-30 2024-03-31 2023-12-31 2023-09-30 2023-06-30 2023-03-31 2022-12-31 2022-09-30 2022-06-30 2022-03-31 2021-12-31 2021-09-30 2021-06-30 2021-03-31 2020-12-31 2020-09-30 2020-06-30 
                            
      service revenue
    3,215,000 363,000 234,000 191,000 322,000 285,000 107,000 1,209,000 513,000 1,023,000 339,000 1,705,000 22,000 120,000 129,000 50,000   200,000      
      cost of revenue
    1,398,000   2,000   66,000   348,000 119,000 388,000  6,500 14,000 12,000  -33,750 -184,000      
      gross profit
    1,817,000 363,000 234,000 189,000 322,000 285,000 41,000 1,209,000 513,000 675,000 220,000 1,317,000 22,000            
      yoy
    464.29% 27.37% 470.73% -84.37% -37.23% -57.78% -81.36% -8.20% 2231.82%                
      qoq
    400.55% 55.13% 23.81% -41.30% 12.98% 595.12% -96.61% 135.67% -24.00% 206.82% -83.30% 5886.36%             
      operating expenses:
                            
      research and development expenses
    4,169,000 2,754,000 2,328,000 2,193,000 1,915,000 2,051,000 2,205,000 2,850,000 2,676,000 8,036,000 5,992,000 10,204,000 10,119,000 10,283,000 10,571,000 10,896,000 9,971,000 11,574,000 9,047,000      
      selling, general and administrative expenses
    6,340,000 6,489,000 4,152,000 3,940,000 4,592,000 5,033,000 5,429,000 5,323,000 6,164,000 6,484,000 9,294,000 10,007,000 10,270,000 10,929,000 11,184,000 12,861,000 14,853,000 13,103,000 12,057,000      
      total operating expenses
    10,509,000 9,243,000 6,480,000 6,133,000 6,507,000 7,084,000 7,634,000 8,173,000 8,840,000 14,520,000 15,286,000 20,211,000 20,389,000 21,212,000 21,755,000 23,757,000 24,824,000 24,677,000 21,104,000      
      income from operations
    -8,692,000 -8,880,000 -6,246,000 -5,944,000 -6,185,000 -6,799,000 -7,593,000 -6,964,000 -8,327,000 -13,845,000 -15,066,000 -18,894,000 -20,367,000 -21,092,000 -21,640,000 -23,719,000 -24,824,000 -24,677,000 -20,721,000 -3,793,296 -2,972,323 -2,944,459 -223,942 -315,695 
      yoy
    40.53% 30.61% -17.74% -14.65% -25.72% -50.89% -49.60% -63.14% -59.12% -34.36% -30.38% -20.34% -17.95% -14.53% 4.44% 525.29% 735.17% 738.08% 9152.84% 1101.57%     
      qoq
    -2.12% 42.17% 5.08% -3.90% -9.03% -10.46% 9.03% -16.37% -39.86% -8.10% -20.26% -7.23% -3.44% -2.53% -8.77% -4.45% 0.60% 19.09% 446.25% 27.62% 0.95% 1214.83% -29.06%  
      other income, net:
                            
      realized loss on disposal of assets
    -326,000      -133,000 -55,000                 
      interest income
    114,000 51,000  2,000 4,000 1,000 2,000 4,000 18,000 97,000 216,000 357,000 555,000 489,000 28,000 5,000         
      interest expense
    -586,000 -565,000 -177,000 -91,000 156,000 -295,000 -43,000  -57,000 -155,000 -530,000 -732,000 -920,000 -1,096,000 -1,261,000 -1,413,000 -1,492,000 -5,544,000 -4,328,000      
      gain on debt extinguishment
       13,000 58,000                    
      other income
    10,000 -388,250 -1,753,000 405,000 -205,000 15,250 9,000 -1,000 53,000 -200,000   19,000 10,000 41,000  3,000 5,000 -4,778,000      
      total other income
    -788,000 2,108,000 -4,828,000 -506,000 13,000 -5,060,000 -165,000 -52,000 14,000 -256,000 -93,000 59,000  -3,348,000 342,000 847,000 -2,010,000 21,948,000 15,107,000 908,461     
      net income
    -9,480,000 -6,772,000 -11,074,000 -6,450,000 -6,172,000 -11,859,000 -7,758,000 -7,016,000 -8,313,000 -14,101,000 -15,159,000 -18,835,000 -20,825,000 -24,440,000 -21,298,000 -22,872,000 -26,834,000 -2,730,000 -5,614,000 -2,884,835 5,766,486 -2,896,683 -164,610 36,372 
      yoy
    53.60% -42.90% 42.74% -8.07% -25.75% -15.90% -48.82% -62.75% -60.08% -42.30% -28.82% -17.65% -22.39% 795.24% 279.37% 692.84% -565.34% -5.75% 3310.49% -8031.47%     
      qoq
    39.99% -38.85% 71.69% 4.50% -47.96% 52.86% 10.58% -15.60% -41.05% -6.98% -19.52% -9.56% -14.79% 14.75% -6.88% -14.76% 882.93% -51.37% 94.60% -150.03% -299.07% 1659.72% -552.57%  
      net income per share
    -2.15 -45.42 -1.08 -1.23 -1.64 -21.7 -0.45 -0.42 -0.66 5.32 -7.2 -0.2 -0.24 -0.29 -0.26 -0.28 -0.34 0.515 -0.09      
      weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted
    4,399,749 622,937 10,276,939 5,226,377 3,761,542 1,507,230 17,357,896 16,597,027 12,586,953 2,979,845 2,106,707              
      loss on debt extinguishment
      -2,898,000                      
      change in fair value of convertible debt carried at fair value
       -835,000                     
      change in fair value of warrant liability
             2,000 221,000 451,000 -112,000            
      income before income taxes
         -5,771,750 -7,758,000       -24,440,000 -21,298,000 -22,872,000  -2,729,000 -5,614,000      
      weighted-average shares outstanding, fully diluted
          17,357,896     95,978,588 87,559,611 81,546,648    70,918,777       
      other income:
                            
      realized gain on disposal of asset
               -17,000    1,000         
      litigation settlement
                            
      weighted-average shares outstanding, basic
               95,978,588 87,559,611 81,546,648 82,066,795 81,319,533 79,958,383 65,177,873 60,589,566      
      realized loss on disposal of asset
                 -54,000 -45,000  -70,000        
      total other expense
                -458,000            
      gross margin
                 38,250 115,000 38,000   384,000      
      decrease in fair value of safe notes
                      26,924,000      
      decrease in fair value of warrants
                 1,803,000 1,579,000 2,254,000 -451,000 27,504,000 -2,712,000      
      sec settlement
                       -1,000,000     
      income tax provision
                     1,000       
      weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted
                  82,066,795 81,319,533 79,958,383  60,589,566      
      general and administrative expenses
                       3,793,296 2,972,323 2,944,459 223,942 315,695 
      change in fair value of warrant liabilities
                       1,904,150 8,719,763    
      interest earned on marketable securities held in trust account
                       4,311 19,046 47,237 61,541 355,824 
      income before provision for income taxes
                       -1,884,835 5,766,486 -2,897,222 -162,401 40,129 
      provision for income taxes
                         539 -2,209 -3,757 
      weighted-average shares outstanding of class a redeemable common stock
                       17,240,709 17,250,000 17,250,000 17,250,000 17,250,000 
      basic and diluted income per share, class a
                           0.02 
      weighted-average shares outstanding of class a and class b non-redeemable common stock
                       4,857,500 4,857,500 4,857,500 4,857,500 4,857,500 
      basic net income per share, class a and class b
                       -0.59     
      diluted net income per share, class a and class b
                       -0.59     
      basic net loss per share, class a and class b
                        1.19    
      diluted net loss per share, class a and class b
                        -0.35    
      basic and diluted income per share, class a redeemable common stock
                         0.01   
      basic and diluted net loss per share, class a and class b non-redeemable common stock
                         -0.59 -0.04  
      basic and diluted net loss per share, class a and class b
                           -0.05 
    Balance Sheets:
    Quarterly
    Annual
      Unit: USD2026-03-31 2025-12-31 2025-09-30 2025-06-30 2025-03-31 2024-12-31 2024-09-30 2024-06-30 2024-03-31 2023-12-31 2023-09-30 2023-06-30 2023-03-31 2022-12-31 2022-09-30 2022-06-30 2022-03-31 2021-12-31 2021-09-30 2021-06-30 
                          
        assets
                          
        current assets:
                          
        cash and cash equivalents
      23,482,000 12,806,000 670,000 132,000 3,398,000 1,572,000 798,000 897,000 1,672,000 2,118,000 9,750,000 21,298,000 38,630,000 61,094,000 81,570,000 109,052,000 135,602,000 160,036,000 178,059,000  
        restricted cash, current
      105,000 55,000         394,000 488,000 879,000 1,007,000 287,000 1,005,000 100,000 197,000 820,000  
        accounts receivable
      396,000   200,000  879,000  15,000 15,000  44,000 434,000         
        insurance receivable
      100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 408,000 408,000 408,000 408,000 408,000 100,000 500,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 4,000,000       
        prepaids and other current assets
      5,173,000 9,321,000 6,284,000 3,832,000 3,031,000 1,667,000 4,187,000 4,839,000 7,224,000 8,513,000 10,469,000 6,771,000 9,524,000 10,173,000 10,939,000 7,517,000 7,984,000 9,431,000 10,408,000  
        total current assets
      29,256,000 22,282,000 7,054,000 4,264,000 6,837,000 4,526,000 5,393,000 6,159,000 9,319,000 10,731,000 21,157,000 32,991,000 53,033,000 76,274,000 92,796,000 117,574,000 143,686,000 169,664,000 189,287,000 381,756 
        property, machinery and equipment
      498,000 953,000 1,251,000 1,561,000 1,871,000 2,182,000 2,369,000 2,837,000 3,045,000 3,252,000 3,353,000 3,605,000 3,844,000 4,016,000 4,333,000 4,514,000 4,726,000 4,829,000 4,786,000  
        intangible assets
      188,000 201,000 214,000 227,000 240,000 253,000 265,000 279,000 347,000 341,000 329,000 335,000 340,000 337,000 343,000 720,000 656,000 349,000 344,000  
        operating right-of-use asset
      7,290,000 7,686,000 282,000 308,000 288,000 347,000  4,780,000 5,067,000 5,350,000 5,629,000 5,903,000 6,174,000 6,441,000       
        other non-current assets
      8,631,000 9,197,000 10,655,000 2,149,000 2,491,000 2,644,000 1,090,000 571,000 584,000 602,000 2,068,000 5,048,000 4,670,000 4,712,000 3,894,000 3,650,000 5,750,000 3,065,000 3,065,000  
        total assets
      45,863,000 40,319,000 19,601,000 9,192,000 11,727,000 9,952,000 14,105,000 15,006,000 18,739,000 20,649,000 33,489,000 48,716,000 68,842,000 92,423,000 108,700,000 133,774,000 162,424,000 185,825,000 205,640,000 173,131,247 
        liabilities and stockholders’ equity
                          
        current liabilities:
                          
        accounts payable
      3,740,000 4,081,000 5,352,000 6,738,000 6,312,000 5,596,000 5,677,000 3,610,000 2,831,000 2,805,000 2,517,000 2,498,000 2,092,000 2,239,000 1,596,000 1,124,000 3,289,000 1,911,000 4,755,000  
        accrued liabilities
      2,244,000 2,272,000 3,686,000 3,385,000 2,887,000 3,006,000 3,629,000 5,186,000 4,458,000 4,754,000 7,422,000 6,785,000         
        loan payable, current
      1,897,000 3,479,000 4,068,000 4,559,000 3,759,000 4,957,000 2,337,000 350,000  2,273,000 5,740,000 8,702,000 11,290,000 11,627,000 10,844,000 10,113,000 9,432,000 20,907,000 17,613,000  
        contract liabilities, current
      357,000 4,058,000 3,025,000 2,958,000 2,765,000 345,000 495,000 495,000 495,000  1,162,000 1,237,000 2,136,000 1,654,000 1,226,000 481,000     
        operating lease liability, current
      726,000 836,000 558,000 716,000 827,000 685,000 1,358,000 1,328,000 1,298,000 1,268,000 1,239,000 1,210,000 1,181,000 1,153,000 1,140,000 1,132,000 1,143,000  1,146,000  
        litigation settlement contingency
      2,062,000 802,000 112,000 112,000 420,000 420,000 526,000 526,000 526,000  5,000,000 8,500,000 8,500,000 8,500,000       
        other current liabilities
      571,000 541,000 523,000 505,000 3,000 1,000 4,000 6,000 6,000 9,000 22,000 24,000 36,000 27,000 110,000 5,043,000 5,090,000 5,075,000 5,066,000  
        total current liabilities
      11,597,000 16,069,000 17,324,000 18,973,000 16,973,000 15,010,000 14,026,000 11,501,000 9,614,000 11,109,000 23,102,000 28,956,000 31,731,000 43,226,000 32,797,000 30,704,000 34,522,000 38,867,000 35,313,000 8,823,583 
        contract liabilities, non-current
      120,000 120,000 120,000 187,000 239,000 1,901,000 1,143,000 618,000 618,000 998,000 420,000 794,000 1,026,000 1,026,000 1,178,000 1,206,000 1,654,000 1,554,000 1,554,000  
        warrant liability
      3,000 3,000 2,747,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 5,000 226,000 676,000 564,000 2,367,000 3,945,000 6,200,000 5,749,000 33,254,000  
        operating lease liability, non-current
      6,978,000 6,987,000    333,000 3,829,000 4,178,000 4,523,000 4,863,000 5,187,000 5,506,000 5,821,000 6,131,000 6,425,000 6,716,000 7,002,000  7,565,000  
        total non-current liabilities
      7,101,000 7,110,000 2,971,000 190,000 726,000 2,752,000 5,483,000 5,301,000 5,640,000 6,353,000 6,095,000 7,003,000 8,165,000 10,590,000 16,012,000 20,865,000 26,647,000 15,070,000   
        total liabilities
      18,698,000 23,179,000 20,295,000 19,163,000 17,699,000 17,762,000 19,509,000 16,802,000 15,254,000 17,462,000 29,197,000 35,959,000 39,896,000 53,816,000 48,809,000 51,569,000 61,169,000 53,937,000 78,122,000 54,177,558 
        commitments and contingencies
                          
        stockholders’ equity:
                          
        series a preferred stock, 0.00001 par value...
                          
        class a common stock, 0.00001 par value...
                          
        class b common stock, 0.00001 par value...
                          
        additional paid-in capital
      475,223,000 455,718,000 430,995,000 410,644,000 408,193,000 400,183,000 390,730,000 386,580,000 384,845,000 376,234,000 363,238,000 356,543,000 353,897,000 342,733,000 339,576,000 340,593,000 336,771,000 340,570,000 333,471,000 42,535,328 
        accumulated deficit
      -448,058,000 -438,578,000 -431,689,000 -420,615,000 -414,165,000 -407,993,000 -396,134,000 -388,376,000 -381,360,000 -373,047,000 -358,946,000 -343,787,000 -324,952,000 -304,127,000 -279,686,000 -258,389,000 -235,517,000 -208,683,000 -205,954,000 -37,536,388 
        total stockholders’ equity
      27,165,000 17,140,000    -7,810,000 -5,404,000 -1,796,000 3,485,000 3,187,000 4,292,000 12,757,000 28,946,000  59,891,000 82,205,000 101,255,000 131,888,000 127,518,000 5,000,009 
        total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
      45,863,000 40,319,000    9,952,000 14,105,000 15,006,000 18,739,000 20,649,000 33,489,000 48,716,000 68,842,000  108,700,000 133,774,000 162,424,000 185,825,000 205,640,000 173,131,247 
        other non-current liabilities
        104,000  484,000 515,000 508,000 502,000 496,000 489,000 483,000 477,000 471,000 465,000 459,000 454,000 488,000 483,000 437,000  
        stockholders’ equity
                          
        deferred offering costs
        145,000 683,000       583,000 468,000 418,000 331,000 309,000      
        liabilities and stockholders’ deficit
                          
        stockholders’ deficit:
                          
        total stockholders’ deficit
        -694,000 -9,971,000 -5,972,000                
        total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit
        19,601,000 9,192,000                 
        preferred stock, 0.00001 par value...
                          
        total liabilities and stockholders’ equity deficit
          11,727,000                
        restricted cash, non-current
            500,000 380,000 377,000 373,000 370,000 366,000 363,000 312,000 310,000 325,000 324,000 314,000 313,000  
        operating lease right-of-use asset
            4,488,000              
        stock repurchase liability
                   10,000,000 10,000,000      
        loan payable, non-current
                  171,000 2,404,000 5,583,000 8,544,000 11,303,000    
        common stock, 0.00001 par value...
                 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000  
        accrued expenses
                  6,496,000 8,026,000 7,881,000 7,031,000 9,568,000 9,785,000 6,733,000  
        liabilities and shareholders’ equity
                          
        shareholders’ equity:
                          
        total shareholders’ equity
                   38,607,000       
        total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
                   92,423,000       
        operating right of use asset
                    6,715,000 6,991,000 7,282,000  7,846,000  
        share repurchase liability
                     5,780,000     
        share repurchase liability, current
                      6,000,000    
        operating right-of-use assets
                       7,604,000   
        current liabilities
                          
        operating lease liabilities, current
                       1,189,000   
        safe notes
                          
        operating lease liabilities, non-current
                       7,284,000   
        current assets
                          
        cash
                         9,296 
        prepaid expenses and other current assets
                         43,922 
        prepaid income taxes
                         328,538 
        cash and investments held in trust account
                         172,749,491 
        accounts payable and accrued expenses
                         9,180,583 
        promissory note – third party
                         321,500 
        promissory note – related party
                         321,500 
        deferred underwriting fee payable
                         6,900,000 
        warrant liabilities
                         37,453,975 
        class a common stock
                         113,953,680 
        preferred stock, 0.0001 par value...
                          
        class a common stock, 0.0001 par value...
                         638 
        class b common stock, 0.0001 par value...
                         431 
      Cashflow Statements:
      Quarterly
      Annual
        Unit: USD2026-03-31 2025-12-31 2025-09-30 2025-06-30 2025-03-31 2024-12-31 2024-09-30 2024-06-30 2024-03-31 2023-12-31 2023-09-30 2023-06-30 2023-03-31 2022-12-31 2022-09-30 2022-06-30 2022-03-31 2021-12-31 
                          
          cash flows from operating activities:
                          
          net loss
        -9,480,000 -6,772,000 -11,074,000 -6,450,000 -6,172,000 -11,859,000 -7,758,000 -7,016,000 -8,313,000 -14,101,000 -15,159,000 -18,835,000 -20,825,000      
          adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities:
                          
          depreciation and amortization
        328,000 323,000 323,000 323,000 324,000 200,000 214,000 221,000 222,000 227,000 215,000 223,000 229,000 259,000 253,000 284,000 294,000 324,000 
          amortization of debt (premium) and issuance costs
        480,000 319,000 74,000 -66,000 -315,000              
          amortization of right-of-use assets
        396,000                  
          loss on disposal of fixed assets
        326,000                  
          loss on debt extinguishment
                         
          stock-based compensation expense
        322,000 558,000 691,000 967,000 1,057,000 1,608,000 1,707,000 1,735,000 1,443,000 2,027,000 2,156,000 2,577,000 1,720,000 3,016,000 3,317,000 3,035,000 2,212,000 7,265,000 
          change in fair value of convertible notes for legal services
        275,000                  
          changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                          
          accounts receivable
        -396,000 200,000 -200,000 879,000   -15,000          
          prepaids and other current assets
        4,148,000 -2,873,000 -2,452,000 -802,000 -1,363,000 2,519,000 652,000 2,386,000 1,288,000 -268,000 -3,698,000 2,697,000 704,000 -635,000 -3,485,000 467,000 1,447,000 977,000 
          other non-current assets
        566,000 -211,000 2,167,000 342,000 153,000 -1,555,000 -518,000 13,000 18,000 5,000 2,981,000 -378,000 41,000 754,000 -316,000 2,100,000 -2,685,000 2,583,000 
          accounts payable
        -245,000 -1,271,000 -78,000 764,000 716,000 -81,000 2,067,000 779,000 26,000 175,000 20,000 469,000 -211,000 701,000 414,000 -2,129,000 1,387,000 -2,795,000 
          accrued liabilities
        -28,000 -1,414,000 301,000 498,000 -119,000 -623,000 -1,556,000 727,000 -276,000 -2,683,000 688,000        
          accrued interest
        24,000 65,000 209,000 143,000 127,000     -249,000 39,000 40,000 39,000 39,000 39,000 40,000 13,000  
          other current liabilities
        31,000 17,000 18,000   1,000 -2,000 -4,000 -12,000 -3,000 -11,000 12,000 -53,000 -4,961,000 -20,000 14,000 -19,000 
          contract liabilities
        -3,701,000 1,034,000 -1,000 142,000 758,000 607,000 525,000 115,000 -583,000 -450,000 -1,129,000 481,000 275,000 718,000 33,000 100,000 
          operating lease liability
        -120,000 -301,000 -159,000 -111,000 -191,000 -324,000 -319,000 -315,000 -310,000          
          litigation settlement contingency
        1,260,000 690,000   -106,000 526,000          
          other non-current liabilities
         -105,000 104,000 -485,000 -30,000 6,000 6,000 7,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 46,000 -34,000 5,000 6,000 6,000 
          net cash from operating activities
        -5,814,000 -10,530,000 -5,323,000 -3,247,000 -4,175,000 -5,737,000 -4,500,000 -1,121,000 -5,253,000 -15,839,000 -12,759,000 -14,532,000 -18,696,000 -16,392,000 -25,552,000 -22,881,000 -23,062,000 -14,583,000 
          capital expenditures
        -197,000  -41,000 -10,000 -43,000 35,000 -130,000 -198,000 -290,000 -137,000 
          free cash flows
        -6,011,000 -10,530,000 -5,323,000 -3,247,000 -4,175,000 -5,737,000 -4,500,000 -1,121,000  -15,839,000 -12,800,000 -14,542,000 -18,739,000 -16,357,000 -25,682,000 -23,079,000 -23,352,000 -14,720,000 
          cash flows from investing activities:
                          
          purchases of property, machinery and equipment
        -197,000         -41,000 -10,000 -43,000 35,000 -130,000 -198,000 -290,000 -137,000 
          proceeds from sale of property, machinery and equipment
        12,000        50,000   27,000    
          net cash from investing activities
        -185,000     134,000 -1,000 -39,000 -12,000 8,000 37,000 -52,000 -92,000 304,000 -424,000 -521,000 -238,000 
          cash flows from financing activities:
                          
          payment of convertible notes
        -783,000 -131,000 -1,390,000 -384,000 -288,000              
          proceeds from exercise of warrants
         10,808,000 2,698,000 2,068,000              
          payments for issuance costs related to exercise of warrants
         -1,012,000 -293,000 -25,000 -179,000              
          repurchase of section 16 officer shares for tax coverage exchange
         -1,000 -1,000 -3,000 -1,000 -27,000 -60,000 -66,000 -168,000 -38,000 -59,000  
          proceeds from issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and related warrants
        18,335,000                  
          payments for issuance costs related to common stock, pre-funded warrants and related warrants
        -826,000                  
          net cash from financing activities
        16,726,000 22,733,000 5,861,000 -19,000 6,001,000 6,011,000 4,387,000 350,000 4,849,000 7,829,000 1,113,000 -3,225,000 -3,793,000 -3,270,000 -2,967,000 -2,339,000 -938,000 -3,824,000 
          increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
        10,727,000    1,826,000         -19,754,000 -28,215,000 -25,644,000 -24,521,000 -18,645,000 
          cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period
        12,861,000                  
          cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period
        23,588,000                  
          change in fair value of warrant liability
                 -2,000 -221,000 -450,000 112,000      
          change in fair value of convertible debt carried at fair value
                        
          change in fair value of the credit provision derivative
                          
          impairment of prepaid services
                          
          loss on disposal of fixed and intangible assets
             133,000       47,000     
          debt issuance costs expensed for convertible debt carried at fair value
                          
          loss on issuance of warrant liabilities
                         
          issuance of convertible notes for legal services
         -92,000 39,000                
          insurance receivable
           -308,000          
          purchases of intangible assets
             -1,000 -1,000 -39,000 -12,000 -1,000 -16,000 -9,000 -154,000 434,000 -233,000 -231,000 -102,000 
          proceeds from issuance of convertible notes and warrants
                         
          proceeds from issuance of loan payable
                         
          proceeds from issuance of related party notes
                          
          principal payments on related party notes
                          
          principal payments on loan payable
             -2,400,000 -2,319,000 -3,392,000 -3,294,000 -3,196,000 -3,102,000      
          payment of debt issuance costs
         -179,000 -167,000               
          proceeds from issuance of common stock and related warrants
         13,552,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 4,960,000 2,750,000 8,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 10,000,000      
          payments for issuance costs related to common stock and related warrants
         -450,000 -625,000 1,000 -599,000 -540,000 -308,000 -829,000 -913,000 -435,000 -700,000      
          increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
                          
          amortization of right-of-use asset
          26,000 -20,000 59,000 296,000 292,000 287,000 283,000 278,000 275,000 270,000 267,000 274,000 276,000    
          payment of deferred offering costs
          138,000        -131,000 -98,000 -23,000      
          decrease in cash and cash equivalents
          538,000                
          cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
                         
          cash and cash equivalents, end of period
          538,000                
          gain on debt extinguishment
           -13,000 -58,000              
          proceeds from issuance of convertible notes
             3,005,000             
          proceeds from issuance of warrants
                          
          cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
            1,572,000  2,492,000  62,413,000 160,547,000 
          cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
            3,398,000  21,000 -772,000 2,049,000  -11,638,000 -17,720,000 39,872,000 -19,754,000 -28,215,000 -25,644,000 136,026,000 -18,644,000 
          amortization of debt discount and issuance costs
             59,000 42,000 46,000 175,000 292,000 398,000 492,000 576,000 652,000 720,000 742,000 4,794,000 
          impairment of prepaid launch costs
                         
          write-off of deferred offering costs
                          
          issuance of common stock for consulting services
                          
          proceeds from exercise of stock options
                 38,000 92,000 57,000 124,000 345,000 48,000 58,000 
          proceeds from employee stock purchase plan
                 2,000   81,000    
          payment for repurchase of common shares
                 -10,000,000      
          decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
             274,000 21,000 -772,000 -443,000 -8,022,000 -11,638,000 -17,720,000 -22,541,000      
          cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year
                          
          cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year
                          
          supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
                          
          purchases of intangible assets in accounts payable and accrued expenses at period end
              2,000 17,000 1,000          
          issuance costs related to warrant modification
                 1,482,000         
          issuance costs related to placement agent warrants
                          
          supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
                          
          cash paid for interest
              12,000 98,000 198,000 295,000 389,000 480,000 568,000 642,000 750,000 750,000 
          purchases of property, machinery and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses at period end
                          
          deferred offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses at period end
                   -48,000 64,000      
          litigation settlement
                          
          purchases of intangible assets in accounts payable and accrued expenses at year end
                          
          stock repurchase liability fair value
                         
          loss on disposal of property, machinery, equipment and intangible assets
                         
          non-cash consulting expense
                  55,000 57,000      
          lease liability
                  -290,000 -287,000 -282,000 -281,000     
          purchases of intangible assets in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at period end
                          
          deferred offering costs in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at period end
                          
          accounts receivables
                          
          accrued expenses
                    -1,538,000 333,000 682,000 -2,282,000 -273,000 2,496,000 
          purchases of intangibles assets in accounts payable and accrued expenses at period end
                    7,000      
          net income
                     -24,440,000 -21,298,000 -22,872,000 -26,834,000 -2,730,000 
          adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
                          
          decrease in fair value of warrants
                     -1,803,000 -1,579,000    
          decrease in fair value of safe notes
                          
          proceeds from issuance of safe notes
                         
          payment of loan payable
                     -3,011,000 -2,923,000    
          payment of warrant issuance costs
                         
          proceeds from issuance of common shares in pipe
                          
          payments of issuances costs related to pipe
                          
          proceeds from issuance of common stock upon business combination
                          
          payments for issuance costs related to business combination
                          
          issuance of common stock related to conversion of safe notes
                          
          issuance of common stock related to exercise of warrant liabilities
                          
          reclassification of deferred offering costs
                          
          assumption of merger warrants liability
                          
          operating lease right-of-use assets in exchange for lease obligations
                         
          cash paid for income taxes
                         
          loss on disposal of fixed asset
                       -1,000 70,000  
          lease liability and right of use asset
                       -620,000 -6,000  
          deferred offering costs in loans payable at period end
                          
          share repurchase liability fair value
                       -220,000 6,000,000  
          increase in fair value of warrants
                        451,000 -27,504,000 
          payment of notes payable
                        -927,000  
          increase in fair value of safe notes
                         
          lease liabilities and right-of-use assets
                          
          payment for repurchase of section 16 officer common shares for tax coverage exchange
                          
          fair value of common stock issued upon conversion of safe notes
                          
          fair value of common stock issued upon conversion of warrants
                          
          reclassification of deferred offering costs to apic
                          
          fair value of warrants assumed upon business combination
                          
          payment for share repurchase
                          
          proceeds from pipe
                          
          proceeds from issuance of common stock upon merger
                          
          payments for transaction costs